EpiPens and How They Can Save Your Life
For some, allergic reactions are little more than minor annoyances. For others, they can be life threatening. A severe allergic reaction that comes on suddenly can cause a number of symptoms, including a drop in blood pressure and difficulty breathing. This is called anaphylactic shock, and for those who are prone to it, seconds count. They have a better chance of survival with immediate treatment.
That's why anyone who is at risk for an anaphylactic reaction should carry an EpiPen at all times. An EpiPen is an autoinjector that contains a shot of epinephrine (better known as adrenaline). Epinephrine is released in our bodies in emergency situations, and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. When one experiences a severe allergic reaction, an injection of epinephrine will suppress the immune system and raise blood pressure. This stops the most dangerous symptoms of anaphylactic shock immediately.
EpiPens are designed for ease of use. They consist of an epinephrine-filled tube that contains a spring-loaded needle. In the event of anaphylactic shock, the patient removes the protective cap, makes a fist around the tube, and jabs it firmly into his thigh. This activates the spring-loaded needle, injecting the medication.
Who Should Use an EpiPen?
Anyone who has previously had anaphylactic shock should carry an EpiPen. Those who have previously had severe allergic reactions are likely to have them again. EpiPen may also be prescribed for those who have not experienced anaphylactic shock if they have a strong reaction to a skin prick allergy test.
In the case of anaphylactic shock, there is no good reason not to use an EpiPen. Its benefits far outweigh any risks presented. It is, however, very important to only use it for a potentially life-threatening reaction. If you are reasonably sure that you have been exposed to the allergen that has caused anaphylactic shock in the past, or if you experience sudden onset of symptoms, the EpiPen should be used as quickly as possible. But if you are only experiencing one minor symptom such as hives or vomiting, it may not be necessary. Still, when in doubt, it's usually best to use the EpiPen.
An EpiPen should be used with caution by patients with heart disease. It can cause arrhythmias, especially in patients who are taking certain heart medications. It can also cause chest pain. Those with thyroid problems, high blood pressure and diabetes, as well as the elderly, pregnant and very young also have an increased risk of adverse reactions.
If you have a severe allergic reaction, you may or may not have time to get to the emergency room. Having an EpiPen handy could save your life. Talk to your doctor about whether you need an EpiPen and, if so, under what circumstances you should use it.
